The Prevalence and Bacterial Species of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIS) in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital

Author: Beatrice Chepkemoi Chumba, Dr. Bernard Guyah, Dr. Salinah J Rono

Date: 2025

Abstract: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is commonly caused by bacterial pathogens that usually affect the urinary system including the kidney, ureters, bladder, and urethra and account for nearly 25% of all infections worldwide. The purpose of the study will be to investigate the Prevalence and Bacterial Species of Urinary Tract Infections (Utis) In Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Urinary tract infections can lead to serious health-related problem that may cause subsequent development of significant indications with the challenge of the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Although UTIs was treated using antibiotics, previous widespread antibiotic usage without proper susceptibility testing has inevitably resulted to an increase in the proportion of UTI pathogens resistant to affordable and available antibiotics. Previous studies carried out in Kenya have reported common uropathogens as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus although this could have geographical differences in distribution and associated risk factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bacteria causing UTI, their associated risk factors and corresponding antibiotic response profiles to commonly used and available antibiotics at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The study targeted 10,000 patients from whom 246 patients from the records was consented and recruited to participate in this study. Random sampling was used to recruit study participants at the health facility. The sample was collected for three months beginning from February 2025 to April 2025.The study measurement variables included Independent Variables: bacterial species causing UTIs including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis; antibiotics used to treat UTIs including amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Patient demographics such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, duration of hospital stay. The dependent variables included antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates; Bacterial load in urine samples; Clinical outcomes. The results revealed that the regression model was statistically significant. The regression sum of squares (SS) was 8.214, which represented the amount of variation in the dependent variable that was explained by the five predictor variables: E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, S. saprophyticus and E. faecalis. This indicated that a substantial portion of the variance in UTI occurrence was accounted for by the presence of these bacterial species. The ANOVA results confirmed that the regression model was a good fit for the data and that antibiotic resistance particularly to Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin, and Gentamicin had a statistically significant impact on the occurrence or severity of urinary tract infections. The high F-statistic and low p-value strongly suggested that the independent variables collectively contributed meaningfully to the explanation of variance in the dependent variable. The F-statistic was calculated to be 47.62, indicating a very strong overall effect. The p-value associated with the F-statistic was 0.000, showing that the model was statistically significant. This meant that the predictor variable(s) had a significant effect on the likelihood of developing a UTI. Based on the findings of the study, which determined the prevalence and bacterial species associated with urinary tract infections at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, several recommendations were made.

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